新起点
LDL受体
2020-03-29 00:00:40
1AJJ, 1D2J, 1F5Y, 1F8Z, 1HJ7, 1HZ8, 1I0U, 1IJQ, 1LDL, 1LDR, 1LRX, 1N7D, 1XFE, 2FCW, 2KRI, 2LGP, 2M7P, 2MG9, 2W2M, 2W2N, 2W2O, 2W2P, 2W2Q, 3BPS, 3GCW, 3GCX, 3M0C, 3P5B, 3P5C, 3SO6· low-density lipoprotein receptor activity · calcium ion binding · protein binding · low-density lipoprotein particle binding· early endosome · late endosome · Golgi apparatus · plasma membrane · integral component of plasma membrane · coated pit · external side of plasma membrane · cell surface · endosome membrane · membrane · clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane · low-density lipoprotein particle· lipid metabolic process · endocytosis · receptor-mediated endocytosis · phototransduction, visible light · cholesterol metabolic process · positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process · regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process · phospholipid transport · viral process · intestinal cholesterol absorption · cholesterol transport · low-density lipoprotein particle clearance · lipoprotein metabolic process · lipoprotein catabolic process · cholesterol homeostasis · small molecule metabolic process低密度脂蛋白受体(Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor),又称LDL受体,为一种膜镶嵌式蛋白质,全长有839个氨基酸(扣掉21氨基酸长的讯息肽)。本受体调控低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的胞吞作用。此种受体专门辨认LDL颗粒上的B100脂蛋白,也可辨认乳糜微粒残体及中间密度脂蛋白(IDL,极低密度脂蛋白的残体)上的Apo E。人体LDL受体的基因编码为LDLR基因。属于低密度脂蛋白受体家族(英语:Low density lipoprotein receptor gene family)。Michael S. Brown和Joseph L. Goldstein即因发现LDL受体,以及其与胆固醇代谢的关系,而获得1985年诺贝尔生理医学奖。LDL与粥状动脉硬化有直接的关系,可能会导致心血管疾病。LDL-胆固醇会和衔接蛋白(英语:adaptin)(adaptin)结合,并在细胞膜中格形蛋白(clathrin)围住的孔洞中,与LDL受体结合成“LDL受体复合物”。此时,格形蛋白会将LDL-胆固醇吞噬入细胞内,形成囊泡。LDL受体的突变大约分为五大类:中密度脂蛋白:LRP(LRP1 · LRP1B · LRP2 · LRP3 · LRP4 · LRP5 · LRP5L · LRP6 · LRP8 · LRP10 · LRP11 · LRP12) 低密度脂蛋白:

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