尼安德特人：寻找失落的基因组（英语：）是瑞典演化人类学者斯万特·帕博（Svante Pääbo）所著的一部书。本书讲述了帕博对生活在欧洲和近东的尼安德特人DNA的探索。此书以回忆录的形式写成，畅谈了其25年来的研究历程。

科普作家卡尔·齐默（英语：Carl Zimmer）在《纽约时报》撰文称其为“令人着迷的书”（"a fascinating account"） The book made the paper's Sunday Book Review Editors' Choice List. 《卫报》的Peter Forbes, remarking on the book's characterization of the research process, stated that:

"His book is also valuable for showing just how modern research teams work together and, sometimes, fall out. Along the way, a key collaborator became a competitor and, midstream, Pääbo abandoned one collaborating gene-sequencing company for another. The race for the Neanderthal genome is reminiscent of the human genome story of 10 years previously, as recounted in James Shreeve's ."

中文译本由科学编辑邓子衿译出。