1A8M, 1TNF, 2AZ5, 2E7A, 2TUN, 2ZJC, 2ZPX, 3ALQ, 3IT8, 3L9J, 4TSV, 5TSW

· cytokine activity
· tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
· protein binding
· identical protein binding

· extracellular space
· plasma membrane
· integral to plasma membrane
· external side of plasma membrane
· cell surface
· membrane raft

· negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
· MAPK cascade
· activation of MAPKKK activity
· activation of MAPK activity
· response to hypoxia
· cell activation
· positive regulation of cytokine production
· positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
· negative regulation of L-glutamate transport
· chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
· negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response
· positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
· positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
· skeletal muscle contraction
· glucose metabolic process
· apoptotic process
· anti-apoptosis
· induction of apoptosis
· activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
· transformed cell apoptotic process
· inflammatory response
· humoral immune response
· JNK cascade
· negative regulation of cell proliferation
· induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals
· induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals
· induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors
· response to mechanical stimulus
· response to virus
· response to salt stress
· organ morphogenesis
· negative regulation of gene expression
· negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
· negative regulation of lipid storage
· positive regulation of necrotic cell death
· response to activity
· calcium-mediated signaling
· extracellular matrix organization
· sequestering of triglyceride
· positive regulation of protein complex assembly
· positive regulation of fever generation
· lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
· negative regulation of interleukin-6 production
· positive regulation of chemokine production
· positive regulation of interferon-gamma production
· positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
· receptor biosynthetic process
· positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
· tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
· positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
· positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
· response to drug
· positive regulation of apoptotic process
· positive regulation of apoptotic process
· negative regulation of apoptotic process
· positive regulation of programmed cell death
· regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
· positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
· positive regulation of protein complex disassembly
· positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
· protein kinase B signaling cascade
· positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
· negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host
· negative regulation of viral genome replication
· positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
· positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
· positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
· negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
· negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation
· positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation
· positive regulation of mitosis
· negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
· positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
· positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
· positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
· positive regulation of translational initiation by iron
· negative regulation of glucose import
· positive regulation of JNK cascade
· embryonic digestive tract development
· positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
· positive regulation of cytokine secretion
· regulation of insulin secretion
· positive regulation of synaptic transmission
· defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
· leukocyte tethering or rolling
· negative regulation of lipid catabolic process
· regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
· positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
· positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
· positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
· positive regulation of protein transport
· response to glucocorticoid stimulus
· positive regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
· positive regulation of hair follicle development
· positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
· induction of necroptosis by extracellular signals
· positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process
· positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity
· epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis
· regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis
· negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis
· necrotic cell death
· positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
· cellular response to amino acid stimulus
· cellular response to nicotine
· cellular response to organic cyclic compound
· positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration
· positive regulation of podosome assembly
· extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
· positive regulation of protein localization at cell surface

肿瘤坏死因子-α（英语：TNF-α）是一种涉及到系统性炎症的细胞因子，同时也是属于引起急相反应（英语：Acute-phase protein）的众多细胞因子中的一员。主要由巨噬细胞分泌，不过有一些其它类型的细胞也能生产。

总括而言，肿瘤坏死因子-α 能抑制不同种流感病毒的复制，拥有强大的抗病毒效果。肿瘤坏死因子α的主要作用是调节免疫细胞的功能。作为一种内源性致热原，它能够促使发热，引起细胞凋亡，（通过诱使产生和（英语：Interleukin 6））引发败血症，引起恶病体质，引发炎症，阻止肿瘤发生和病毒复制（英语：Viral replication）。

肿瘤坏死因子α生产的失调被认为与许多人类疾病有关，包括阿兹海默氏症、癌症、重性抑郁障碍和肠炎。虽然仍有争议，不过当前的研究认为肿瘤坏死因子α的水平与抑郁和肠炎有关。基因工程生产的肿瘤坏死因子α被用作免疫兴奋剂（英语：Immunostimulant）（国际非专利药品名称为他索纳明）。 肿瘤的恶变过程中，肿瘤坏死因子α常异位表达，而其过量表达同副甲状腺素一道与引发继发性高钙血症和癌症有关。

炎症过程中释放的TNF-α与H2O2诱导的BCa转化有关，伴血吸虫感染的BCa患者血清中TNF-α水平显著升高。另外，T3及T4期患者TNF-α水平高于T1及T2早期患者，提示TNF-α水平可能有助于BCa的进展。由于TNF-α有助于BCa的形成和发展，故而可以作为评估BCa侵袭性和恶性程度的指标。

医学导航：遗传代谢缺陷

代谢、k,c/g/r/p/y/i,f/h/s/l/o/e,a/u,n,m

k,cgrp/y/i,f/h/s/l/o/e,au,n,m,人名体征

药物(A16/C10)、中间产物(k,c/g/r/p/y/i,f/h/s/o/e,a/u,n,m)